High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a chronic medical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure levels in the arteries. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is represented by two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart beats) over diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart rests between beats). Hypertension is generally defined as having a blood pressure reading consistently above 140/90 mmHg. The condition can be classified into primary (essential) hypertension, which has no identifiable cause and develops gradually over time, and secondary hypertension, which is caused by an underlying condition such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or certain medications. Several factors contribute to the development of high blood pressure. These include genetic predisposition, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, a high-sodium diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and chronic stress. Age and family history also play significant roles in the risk of developing hypertension.
Treatment for high blood pressure focuses on reducing blood pressure to prevent complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage. Lifestyle modifications are often the first line of treatment and include dietary changes, such as reducing sodium intake and increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, as well as regular physical activity and weight management. Reducing alcohol consumption and quitting smoking are also crucial. In cases where lifestyle changes are insufficient, antihypertensive medications may be prescribed, including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and adherence to treatment plans are essential for managing hypertension effectively and reducing the risk of associated health complications.
